Is Type 1 Diabetes Hereditary From Mother or Father

Is type 1 diabetes hereditary from mother or father - Chances are if you or a loved one are suffering from diabetes, you may be wondering whether you have inherited it from a family member or you may worry that you will pass the disease on to your kids.

Researchers at the Joslin Diabetes Center report that, although much has been learned about the genetic factor is what makes a person more susceptible to diabetes than others affected, there are still many questions to be answered. While some people are more likely to get diabetes than others, and in some cases of type 2 diabetes (adult) more easily tracked than diabetes type 1 (juvenile), the pattern is not always clear.

For more than 20 years, researchers at the genetics and Epidemiology Section at the Joslin in Boston (the sexy Head Andrzej s. Krolewski, m.d., Ph.D., Senior researcher James h. Warram, MD, Sc.D., and his partner) has studied the incidence of diabetes and hereditary factors. They continue the journey begun by scientific Elliott p. Joslin, m.d., who in 1946 launched a 20-year study to determine the prevalence of cases of diabetes in the small town of Oxford, MA. Is type 1 diabetes hereditary from mother or father - Over the years, Joslin researchers have studied the many generations of the family to determine the best way to predict who's at risk exposed to diabetes.

Diabetes affects approximately 20.8 million Americans (about 6.2 million undiagnosed and therefore do not know that they are suffering from this disease), with an estimated 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed each year. Type 2 diabetes represents about 90 to 95 percent of cases and is more common in people aged 40 and over, in particular, ethnic groups, and in those who are obese and sedentary. According to the American Diabetes Association, type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10 percent of all cases of diabetes are diagnosed. Each year, more than 13,000 new cases of type 1 diabetes were diagnosed in children and adolescents, making it one of the most common chronic diseases in children of America. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin, the hormone that regulates how cells get energy from food; in type 2, the pancreas produces too little insulin or the body cannot use the insulin produced by the body properly. Diabetes is the leading cause of heart disease, blindness, kidney disease, nerve damage, and other complications.

According to Dr. Warram, several factors are important in the question of risk: people with diabetes will most likely inherit the tendency of disease, and second, something in the environment triggers the disease. For average Americans, the chance of exposed type 1 diabetes at the age of 70 years is 1:100 (1 percent), while the same opportunities for affected by type 2 diabetes is 1:9 (11 percent). Knowing there is one thing, but someone can still get the disease even if he is not at high risk.

Type 1 diabetes Chances

Just who is at risk of exposed type 1 diabetes? The following examples are said to be Dr. Warram, Professor of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, is known for:

If a close relative (parent, brother, sister, children of men or women) suffering from type 1 diabetes, the risk of someone affected by type 1 diabetes is 10 to 20 times the risk of the general population; your risk can be increased from 1:100 to about 1-to-10 or may be higher, depending on which family member is suffering from diabetes and when they develop it.
If one child in a family has type 1 diabetes, his brother has a risk of 1-to-10 developing at the age of 50.
The risk to the child of a parent with type 1 diabetes is lower if it is not a father-mother who has diabetes. "If his dad had a severe risk of about 1 in 10 (10 percent) that her son will suffer from type 1 diabetes-the same as the risk to the sibling of an affected child, " Dr. Warram. On the other hand, if the mother has type 1 diabetes and aged 25 or younger when the child was born, the risk is reduced to 1:25 (4 percent) and if the mother aged over 25, the risk drops to 1 in 100--almost equal to the average American.
If one of the parents suffer from type 1 diabetes before the age of 11, the risk of their children affected by type 1 diabetes was somewhat higher than these figures and lower if older people are diagnosed after their 11th birthday.
About 1 out of 7 people with type 1 have a condition known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2. In addition to type 1 diabetes, these people have thyroid disease, damage to the adrenal glands and sometimes other immune disorders. For those who suffer from this syndrome, the risk of children affected by this syndrome, including type 1 diabetes, is 1:2, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA).

Caucasians (whites) have a risk of type 1 diabetes is higher than other races. Whether this is caused by the difference in the environment or genes is unclear. Even among white people, most vulnerable people not having diabetes. Therefore, scientists are studying what environmental factors might work. Genes that affect the function of the immune system is the most closely related to type 1 diabetes susceptibility, regardless of race. One of the genes that are HLA-DR mostly Caucasian with diabetes carry the allele (Gene Variant) 3 and/or 4 of the gene HLA-DR Alleles HLA-DR7 plays a role in diabetes in blacks, while alleles HLA-DR9 is important in diabetes among the people of Japan.

Climate and Cluster

Among Caucasians, the risk of diabetes varies geographically. In General, the risk is higher in Northern Europe than southern Europe. Is type 1 diabetes hereditary from mother or father - While the climate can contribute to this, the fact that Sardinia in the Mediterranean also has a high risk of conflicting with this theory. Generally, the number of new cases from time to time fluctuates up and down, making it difficult to find the overall pattern. In ongoing decades, there has been an expansion in sort 1 diabetes in the United States and Europe. While Asians generally have an incidence of type 1 diabetes are much lower, Japan also experienced an increase in incidents. "Gene pool has not changed much in a generation, so there must be environmental or behavioral factors involved, " Dr. Warram.

Group temporal case of type 1 diabetes (i.e. happening at the same time-both within the family, school or geographic area), encourages people to suspect environmental agents. However, there has been no consistent explanation for this group, and it is not possible to rule out the possibility is just a coincidence. Given the fact that the development of diabetes takes years in most cases, a grouping of time it seems more than coincidence may be due to a common cause, said Dr. Warram. "From what we know, the process that leads to autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas long enough. People can have antibodies that signal the beta cell damage for years without developing diabetes, "Dr. Warram.

Take "plague " at primary schools mentioned above. Chances are, the children did not attend school or even living in the same neighborhood when an autoimmune process that leads to diabetes long started. (In the process, damage the immune system against disease, turned against their own body tissue and destroy it.) Although we can not confirm, it seems unlikely that we can observe the specific exposure that causes the children to suffer from diabetes at the same time, "Dr. Warram. " this problem is most likely a coincidence. Although it is not pleasant to say that rare event can occur by chance, a rare event happens all the time in certain populations and the onset of opportunities in one place-such as high-school. "

Trauma as a trigger

Some people question whether the trauma of the body, such as a car accident, or viral infections like mumps, can trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes. Such events increase the insulin needs of the body and suppress the insulin production system if it is destroyed by the immune system that is not functioning. "When demand on the body increases, it can increase the body's production of insulin system, " Dr. Warram. But the trauma itself does not "cause the " diabetes, he said.

Much has been said about a possible relationship between virus Coxsackie, which cause disease in humans, such as meningitis, and the trigger for type 1 diabetes. "You can't ignore the fact that sometimes the virus was present, but his relationship with diabetes is unclear, " Dr. Warram. However, scientists have some significant evidence that mumps does not trigger diabetes. Is type 1 diabetes hereditary from mother or father - A study in Maryland showed that despite the decline in cases of the mumps vaccine after introduced 30 years ago, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is not changed.

A few researchers accept early eating regimen may have a job. Feeding time is less common in children who suffer from type 1 diabetes. While some research suggests exposure to cow's milk, Dr. Warram says there is still much to be learned before we can judge the importance of this mechanism. So as to be judicious, the mother of the child is presented to high danger of diabetes might need to breastfeed to the extent that this would be possible and depend on dairy animals' drain just with some restraint after the infant is weaned.

Tracking type 2 Diabetes

Patients with type 2 diabetes are more likely to know the relative with diabetes than for patients with type 1 and, therefore, suppose diabetes "runs in the family." To a certain extent, the appearance of "grouping " type 2 diabetes in the family is only a consequence of the fact that type 2 is far more common than type 1 diabetes in the general population. In addition, the occurrence of several cases in the family can reflect the share "environmental risk factors, " such as obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, and by no means share the genes of diabetes. In General, the risk of diabetes for siblings of patients with type 2 diabetes is almost the same as in the general population. Nonetheless, there are a few exemptions to this general articulation. If patients suffer from diabetes although skinny, then risk his brother about double the risk of the general population. Or, if the patient has the elderly with type 2 diabetes, the risk of a sibling almost tripled the risk of the general population. If both parents have type 2 diabetes, the siblings have a fourfold risk, or almost 50% chance of affected by diabetes.

Genetics of type 2 diabetes is very complex. While type 2 diabetes may have a strong genetic basis in some patients (less than one-third of them), the development of diabetes in the majority of patients depending on the effects of environmental factors and behavior (obesity and lifestyle settled) in the underlying vulnerability. It is less well understood.

What about MODY?

On the table is a table of Dr. Warram several generations of one family. About half of the people in the family have developed forms of type 2 diabetes called MODY (maturity-onset diabetes) that usually develops in people in their teens and 20s. The family is one of about 50 families with MODY learned by Joslin researchers. "In each generation of the family and each family member affected with MODY have parents with MODY, " Dr. Warram.

Joslin and other researchers have identified a gene that produces about six MODY, but they only explain diabetes in about one-third of the families. "Diabetes in the whole family so far unexplained, " said.

Similar patterns can be found in the study of families with type 2 diabetes are more common, just a different age of onset. Is type 1 diabetes hereditary from mother or father - Susceptibility to certain diabetes complications also seems in some ways linked with genetics? For patients with a gene for susceptibility to complications, good blood glucose control is still an important mitigation factor.

Scientists at Joslin and elsewhere are studying the genetic factors that can make some people with diabetes are more susceptible to complications.